High morbidity rate of enterovirus infection in the Far East of Russia and bordering counties of Asia-Pacific region and high probability of transboundary spread demand the necessity of active cooperation in the prevention of enterovirus epidemics. There are several areas for international cooperation, such as: prompt exchange of information about morbidity of enterovirus infection between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation and other countries of Asian-Pacific region; implementation of collaborative researches on genetic typing and phylogenetic analysis of enteroviruses; сollaborative monitoring of circulation of enteroviruses in bordering basins; and mutual experience exchange on prevention of enterovirus spreading from endemic regions.

Until recently, the Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), one of the representatives of the species Enterovirus A, had limited distribution and has been associated with sporadic cases of herpangina or hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Since 2008, the virus, along with CA16 and Enterovirus 71 (EV71), worldwide ranked among the leading agents of HFMD, causing a disease with atypical clinical manifestations and course. In Russia, the activation of virus circulation CA6 observed since 2010, and in 2014 this virus was dominating among the identified non-polio enteroviruses, caused a relatively high incidence of HFMD, herpangina and small forms of enteroviral infection. Based on the analysis of the genome fragment VP1 Russian and foreign strains, it was shown that the results of molecular evolution virus CA6 formed a new epidemic subtype, as well as other relevant epidemic types EV, requires continuous monitoring and, in case of further activity conservation circulation and increase virulence, development of specific means of prevention.

The results of monthly 5-years molecular genetic monitoring of nonpoliomyelitis enteroviruses (NPEV) incidence in an indicator group of asymptomatic 3-to-6-years-old virus carriers living in a large industrial centre allowed to reveal a discrepancy between the spikes of NPEV isolation rate from asymptomatic children and the seasonal spikes of enterovirus aseptic meningitis (EVAM) morbidity. Significant difference was observed between the spectra of enteroviral serotypes detected among healthy individuals and the spectra of serotypes detected among EVAM patients. The data obtained indicate that neither the incidence of asymptomatic virus carriers nor the spectrum of NPEV serotypes detected in healthy individuals can be used as a reliable prognostic indicator for epidemic surveillance. The inverse relationship between the proportion of a specific NPEV serotype detected in the CSF samples from EVAM patients and the frequency of its detection among apparently healthy individuals with asymptomatic viral infection from the indicator group provides an estimate for the virulence and epidemic significance of circulating human NPEV strains.

This article describes the results of the phylogenetic analysis of five strains of enteroviruses, circulating in the Far East Federal District of the Russian Federation (Coxsackie A-6, echovirus-18, echovirus-30, Coxsackie B-4 and Coxsackie B-5). Epidemiological links were established with similar enterovirus serotypes identified in other countries.

The results of investigation of neutrophilic microbicidal activity in blood and cerebrospinal fluid taken from children with enterovirus meningitis are presented in this article. Biochemical alterations of myeloperoxidase activity, cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute meningitis were compared with patients in recovery phase and control group.

In this work, we investigated biological properties of influenza A (subtype H5N8) virus. The viral strain was isolated from a wild migratory waterfowl bird (Anas penelope) on the territory of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The strain A/wigeon/Sakha/1/2014 (H5N8) is highly pathogenic to mammals and is similar to strains that caused outbreaks among wild and domestic birds on the territory of Southeastern Asia, Europe and North America in 2010-2015.

The long-term measles morbidity analysis in Khabarovsk Krai was performed. Data regarding measles immunization, and vaccination were obtained. The results of fulfillment of national program “Zdorov’e” were shown. Serological investigation of indicator groups on presence of measles immunity was performed. The effectiveness of massive measles vaccination was shown.

An analysis of epidemic process of measles morbidity on the of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic registered from 1965 through 2015 was performed. Alterations of epidemic process after population-wide vaccination against measles were shown. The complexes of antiepidemic and preventive measures performed to localize the foci of measles were described.

Etiological verification of lethal infections in low-birth-weight children by a PCR method was reported. Specimens of placenta and internal organs of children who died in an early neonatal (5 cases), neonatal and postnatal periods (15 cases) were examined. Autopsy material of children died during early neonatal period was 100% infected by the pathogens colonizing female genital tract (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Streptococcus pneumoniae). Autopsy material in 66.7% of cases, died in later period, had monoinfections (Mycoplasma hominis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and was mainly associated mycoplasma and viruses, coccal, bacillary microflora, and fungi.

The AIDS epidemic in Russia has unique features, showing co-circulation of HIV-1 subtypes A, B and CRF63_02A1. We have characterized the HIV-1 genetic diversity and natural polymorphisms at the integrase coding region from 55 plasma specimens collected in 2015 from HIV-1-infected patients in Siberian region. This study indicates an evolving HIV-1 epidemic in Russia with recombinant viruses; pretreatment HIV drug resistance was 7.3% and the occurrence of natural polymorphism in the IN region was subtype or CRF dependent.

The results of investigation of HIV tropism to coreceptor, by genotyping based on analysis of nucleotide sequence of env V3-loop, in HIV-infected patients of the Far Eastern Federal District, who did not receive CCR5 antagonist, are presented in this study. A comparative analysis of R5 and X4 tropic HIV viruses spread among treated and untreated patient with antiretroviral therapy was performed. Possible relations of R5 and X-4tropic variants of HIV infection, duration of infection, CD4 rate and total load were found.

We studied serum from HIV-infected individuals with progressive form of the disease is not on the panel of infectious HIV-1 isolates. The study revealed neutralizing properties of the weaker suppression isolates CRF63_02A1 recombinant form of HIV-1, whereas sera from individuals infected with CRF63_02A1, the vast majority of the studied isolates us.

We created a representative collection of infectious HIV-1 isolates including major variants of virus that determine HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia. We isolated and described 65 infectious HIV-1 CRF63_02А1, subtype A , B and CRF02_АG .

A case of cytomegalovirus infection diagnosed in a preterm low-birth-weight newborn born of a woman with recurrent CMV infection is reported. Importance of timely specific virological examination for differential diagnosis of congenital and postnatal infection is shown.