Various genetic rearrangements occur in the process of evolution of the enteroviruses, rotaviruses, noroviruses, HIV, HBV, HCV and SARS-CoV-2. They lead to emergence of new genetic variants that cause aggravation of the epidemic situation in various regions of the country. Currently, wide application of molecular-genetic methods based on the analysis of nucleotide sequences of causative agent’s genome in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation allows to establish epidemiological relationship between disease cases and estimate whether the foci of infection were formed due to a single pathogen or several causative agents. It has been shown that constant surveillance of the above mentioned viruses circulation is necessary to identify signs of epidemic situation deterioration in a particular geographical area. One of these signs is detection of a new genetic variant of pathogen that was most likely imported from a different constituent entity of the Russian Federation or other countries.

Epidemiological and molecular-genetic surveillance of enterovirus infection (EVI) incidence in the year 2022 in the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal districts revealed peculiarities of epidemic process and identified unfavorable constituent entities for the disease. Molecular-genetic surveillance showed prevalence of Enterovirus A type and growth of Enterovirus B type compared to previous years by 1.5 – 2 times. Performed calculations of expected EVI incidence showed a tendency towards incidence growth in the Primorsky krai and Zabaikalsky krai, Sakhalin oblast and Republic Tyva. Moderate incidence growth was predicted for Irkutsk oblast and Amur oblast. 

Analysis of epidemiology and etiology of epidemic elevation of enterovirus incidence during year 2022 in the Khabarovsk krai was performed. After low levels of enterovirus infection (EVI) incidence in the year 2020 and following years 2021 and 2022 in the Khabarovsk krai it was shown that the diseases started to re-emerge. Incidence levels (per 100 thousand of population) during year 2022 has exceeded long-term average incidence by 75.1%. Epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak were typical for EVI: summer-fall seasonality, involvement of children population, different clinical forms. At the same time, predominance of meningeal syndromes among infected was a special trait of the outbreak. Etiological analysis via PCR showed up to 36.0% virus carriers among patients with suspected EVI. Analysis of 231 patients with EVI showed cytopathogenic agents in cell culture. Serotypes ECHO 6, ECHO 13 of the virus were identified.

Epidemic of new coronavirus infection has lead to certain changes in the course of acute respiratory infections (ARI) epidemic process. Current research presents analysis of etiological structure of ARI during two epidemic periods: from IV quarter of the year 2021 to I-II quarters of the year 2022 and from IV quarter of the year 2022 to I quarter of the year 2023. A mutual influence of dominating viral causative agents – influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, has been shown. As an example, analysis of weekly surveillance over respiratory viruses showed interference between influenza viruses and new coronavirus as well as dynamics of pathogens changes and peculiarities of age-related incidence

Current report presents epidemiological and molecular-genetic analysis of norovirus infection outbreaks investigation in the Amur oblast in year 2022. Etiological agents that caused the outbreak were revealed – norovirus genovariants GII.4 [P16] and GII.17 [P17]. Violation of antiepidemic measures and sanitary legislation in food units of institutions, utilizing technical staff for feeding patients with limited mobility, delays in reporting territorial Rospotrebnadzor offices about the outbreaks among students as well as their untimely isolation contributed to formation and spread of the infection.

Up to date epidemic situation is characterized by decrease of acute and chronic viral hepatitis B and C incidence as well as acute viral hepatitis A incidence in the Russian Federation. However, mortality due to blood-borne viral hepatitis stays high. This determines social significance of these diseases. Objective – to evaluate acute and chronic viral hepatitis B and C and acute viral hepatitis A incidence dynamics in the Khabarovsk krai and its constituent entities during years 2013-2022. In order to conduct a retrospective epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis A, B and C incidence, data of statistical form №2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” during years 2013-2022 was used. A downward trend of acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis B and C incidence was revealed in the Khabarovsk krai. Average long-term index of acute hepatitis B incidence during years 2013-2022 totaled up to 0.49 cases per 100 thousand population, acute hepatitis C long-term incidence – up to 0.57 cases per 100 thousand population in the Khabarovsk krai. Constituent entity where cases of acute hepatitis B were recorded annualy was the Khabarovsk city. Acute hepatitis C was frequently registered in the Komsomolsk-on-Amur city. Children were not involved in the epidemic process of blood-borne viral hepatitis. Average long-term index of chronic hepatitis B incidence in the Khabarovsk krai equaled 8.12 cases per 100,000 population. Single cases of chronic hepatitis B among children were recorded throughout the entire observation period, with the exception of children up to one year and 3-6 years old children. Unfavorable epidemic situation concerning chronic hepatitis B has been observed during a long period of time in the Khabarovsk city, Komsomolsk-on-Amur city, Nanai, Sovgavan and Verkhnebureinsky districts, where the average annual incidence exceeded the regional one. Average long-term index of chronic hepatitis C incidence amounted to 39.72 cases per 100,000 population in the Khabarovsk krai. High incidence rates of chronic hepatitis C have been noted in the Verkhnebureinsky and Nanai districts during several years. An unfavorable situation concerning chronic hepatitis C incidence in Komsomolsk region was registered in year 2022. Dynamics of acute hepatitis A incidence in the Khabarovsk Territory turned out to be uneven and included two periods: incidence decline during years 2013 – 2018 and incidence growth during years 2019 –2022. Incidence of acute hepatitis A among children population exceeded incidence among general population of the region. High levels of acute hepatitis A were recorded in the Khabarovsk city, Khabarovsk, Vaninsky, Komsomolsky and Nanai districts. Absence of official registration of viral hepatitis cases, especially noted during last three years of observation in certain administrative territories of the region, was most likely due to a lack of a proper level of diagnosis. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic could be an issue due to decreased referral of the population for medical care and laboratory examination. In this regard, it is advised to optimize the diagnostic subsystem of epidemiological surveillance of viral hepatitis in the Khabarovsk krai.

HIV-infection remains a pressing issue in both Russia and Far Eastern Federal district. Cumulative number of HIV-infected has reached 52 062 people in early January 2023. HIV screening coverage of district population has reached 30.3%. HIV-infection incidence rate equaled 34.1 per 100 000 of population and prevalence rate – 425.1 per 100 000 population in 2022. Rate of men among newly infected people with HIV remained high. Heterosexual route of transmission was prevailing. A total number of 81.1% of people living with HIV were registered for regular medical check-ups and 67.8% of them received antiretroviral therapy. Current research was conducted to evaluate HIV epidemic tendencies in the Far Eastern Federal district.

A database was developed in order to register, accumulate, systematize and analyze information concerning the distribution of various HIV-1 genovariants circulating in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The article presents results of sociological research conducted among 492 medical workers of the Magadan oblast healthcare institutions in order to investigate levels of their awareness about HIV/AIDS, risk of contracting HIV-infection and stigmatization of people living with HIV. Analysis of obtained results revealed a certain lack of knowledge concerning HIV/AIDS as well as presence of phobias and misconceptions concerning contact with people living with HIV. These facts necessitate a need of awareness-training programs in order to increase competence and improve quality of medical assistance.

Presents summary of research on natural-focal infections and biohelminthosis endemic pathogens of the Far Eastern region. Results of long-term studies on circulation of causative agents in natural foci of diseases, incidence and immunological structure of population against disease pathogens were observed. Applied nature of the conducted research aimed at ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population of the constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district was shown

Peculiarities of nutrition and lifestyle of the Khabarovsk krai population in combination with natural conditions create perfect conditions for carrying out biological cycles of endemic helminthiases. Current article presents results of seroepidemiological surveillance and parasitical examination of the Khabarovsk city and Khabarovsk krai population during years 2020-2022. The results confirm a necessity of optimizing the diagnostic subsystem of epidemiological surveillance over parasitical diseases. Monitoring research as well as range of examined groups of people subjected for serological screening should be expanded. Regular medical examination of risk groups will allow to perform a timely evaluation of the epidemic situation in the Khabarovsk krai.

Some members of Chryseobacterium genus, Flavobacteriaceae spp. are opportunistic microorganisms. They are relatively new and understudied pathogens by Russian scientists while in different European, Asian and other countries they are regarded as potentially hazardous pathogens especially among immunocompromised patients and premature newborns. Literature review evidence that Chryseobacterium microorganisms should be considered as potential pathogens that have wide range of natural drug resistance that defines a unique profile of drug susceptibility. The review presents scientific literature data on the role of most known member of Chryseobacterium in human pathology - Chryseobacterium indologenes.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) are one of the most common bacteria that are detected during routine diagnostic testing. CNS incidence has grew drastically during the past decades. Most of CNS are members of human normal skin and mucous microflora: S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. warneri, S. xylosis, S. capitis, S. simulans, S. pettenkoferi and others. During a vast period of time they were regarded as commensal bacteria that do not produce virulence factors and are of limited value in clinical practice. However obtained scientific data evidence towards their pathogenic potential for humans and animals and their role as causative agents of infection process associated with immune deficiency, implanted medical devices, intravascular catheters. CNS are isolated among patients of intensive care units, of surgical, transplantology, neonatal departments, burn centers and others. Their role as lead causative agents of healthcare-associated diseases as well as a reservoir of drug resistance genes have been established. Despite an increasing number of reports on pathogenic nature of CNS in human pathology, this group of staphylococci remains understudied.

The article presents the history of the creation and development of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Far Eastern State Medical University from 1932 to 2022. The main scientific researches of employees in the field of neurology and neurosurgery are indicated