Analysis of ten years’ enteroviral diseases morbidity in Khabarovsk territory showed a significant evaluation of enteroviral diseases compared to all-Russian data. The peculiarities of enteroviral diseases in Khabarovsk territory are based on differences of intensity of epidemic process and diversity of clinical forms of enteroviral infections between the territories and between the years in two large cities - Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on -Amur. During the execution of the research was determined etiology of enteroviral infections. The conception of origin of virulent viruses during the period of large outbreaks due to multiple transits and selection of the stains was confirmed.

Enreroviral infection remains to be a current issue for world population, however morbidity in the countries of Asia-Pacific Region is always greater than in European countries and America. On the territory of the Far Eastern federal district of the Russian Federation registered morbidity rates increase every year. During 2014-2015 were received and identified 512 nucleic acid sequences using molecular genetic diagnosis. Most common serotypes were Coxsackievirus A-6 and ECHO 30. All strains of Coxsackievirus A-6 according to classification of YA-Qung He (2013) are classified as genotype D and within the genotype are divided on three subtypes (D1, D2 and D3). Typing of enterovirus ECHO 30 revealed that the strains belong to genotype H according to classification of J.Bailly (2009).

In the 2015 season in Khabarovsk territory was registered a large outspread of enteroviral diseases. In order to determine etiology of the outbreak was used a complex of laboratory research of clinical material: RT-PCR, isolation and identification of enteroviruses on cell culture, sequence analysis and serological assays. As a result, etiology of the disease was determined and was different in two large cities of the territory. In Khabarovsk, most common agents were viruses Coxsackie B and Coxsackie A. In Komsomolsk-on-Amur was prevalent ECHO 30. The research indicated on necessity of application of complex of diagnostic assays.

Pneumococcal infection is a pressing medical-social issue of global scale including Russian Federation. Wide incidence rate, high contagiosity, vast variety of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, formation of risk groups among frequently and chronically ill children and adults especially in organized groups, high probability of severe clinical consequences such as “invasive” forms make the prophylaxis of pneumococcal infection a topical issue. Present paper review presents data of national and foreign authors on most common clinical features of the pneumococcal infection and related pneumococcal serotypes, species and efficiency of applied pneumococcal vaccines. Recent data indicates that investigation of circulation of pneumococcal serotypes and evaluation of specific prophylaxis efficiency is needed during arrangement of routine vaccination.

Present review paper is dedicated to theoretical basics, methodological principles, significance and applicability of modern molecular-genetic methods of detection and identification of enteroviruses in practical virology. Modern approaches allow to identify molecular structure of viral particles, ways of cell penetration and peculiarities of viral reproduction as well as analysis of primary structure of viral protein and viral nucleic acids. Among these approaches are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysis of genome nucleic acid sequences that code proteins (sequencing). These methods allow to identify in the sampling material ultimate particles of viral nucleic acids, help to determine the cause of intracellular processes what is particularly significant in differential diagnosis.

A significant amount of the works devoted to a toxoplasmosis problem is so far published. The importance of this infection is caused by the fact that recently the association of this disease with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is noted. This work is devoted to a toxoplasmosis problem, Toxoplasma gondii value in development of pathology in children and adults is shown. The most actual methods of laboratory diagnosis of the congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis are presented. Questions of prevention of this disease are discussed.

Large-scale floods in the catchment of the Amur River (2013) and rivers of foothills of Altai and Sayan (2014) had lead to a significant environmental destruction and formation of favorable conditions for forthcoming complications in epidemiological situation on zoonotic infectious diseases in a number of territories of Far Eastern and Siberian federal districts. This took prompt organization and execution of epidemic countermeasures in foreground mode as well as monitoring of epidemiologic situation in post freshet period. The research is related to analysis of information of regional center against infectious agents of I-II risk group, center of identification and diagnosis of dangerous infectious-disease agents and regional center for monitoring the infectious and parasitic disease agents with functions under the International Health Regulations (2005) that are based on the Irkutsk antiplaque research institute of federal service for surveillance on customer rights protection and human wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Prompt organized and executed to the required extent preventive measures in flood period and early post freshet period allowed to avoid complications of the epidemiologic situation on zoonotic infectious diseases. Was registered insignificant evaluation of morbidity rates in comparison with long-term average incidence rates of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the Jewish autonomous region as well as single cases of tularemia and leptospirosis in Khabarovsk region what did not significantly affect the epidemic situation. However, due to emerging trend of raise of positive findings during epizootic investigation in post freshet period, territories that suffered from flood need organization of further monitoring aimed on timely development of sanitary measures in order to prevent the epidemiologic consequences of the flood.

The territory of Transbaikal region is presented by vast variety of factors and conditions that are forming external (probability of introduction of new infections) as well as internal risks (local cases) of infectious diseases outbreaks that are able to cause epidemiological critical emergencies. In this matter, a differential approach on the municipal level is needed in order to effectively organize prophylactic and epidemic countermeasures. The present article conducts a systematization of epidemiological risks of Transbaikal region in general and for every municipal district particularly using a previously submitted approach of differentiation of Russian Federation districts. This approach is suggested for administration of municipality as a template for sustained targeted measures against dominant risks aimed to minimalize the most common factors that can provoke epidemiological critical emergencies. Thereby, the complex evaluation of epidemiological risks in Transbaikal region allows to define sustained projects on rationalization of epidemiologic monitoring against infectious diseases that are able to cause epidemiological critical emergencies.

The main reasons contributed to the spread of dangerous infectious diseases into new territories were determined by the example of the plague pandemic manifestations including Siberia and the Far East territories. The detailed description of the similar factors and conditions is represented.

Analysis of 1462 hits in Khabarovsk hospitals about bites inflicted by the dogs showed that most bites are recorded in the warmer months, committed dogs that are familiar with the victims, with the hosts, with aggression towards them affected. The most vulnerable groups were children 5-9 years of age and adults - 25-29 years. In all groups were dominated by single stings, minor skin damage. Decrease in the frequency of bites, according to the authors, will contribute to not so much destruction of stray dogs, how to improve the culture of the population and the responsibility of the owners of dogs for the action of their pets.

Long lasting and massive focal point of Sonne dysentery in an orphan asylum of Bikin city in 2012-2014 and evaluated morbidity on dysentery in Khabarovsk city were caused by circulation of atypical infectious agent. It is hard to diagnose such pathogen. Our research group has developed an algorithm of identification of atypical mannitol negative Shigella Sonne what is described in the article.