Enteroviruses are spread ubiquitously and under certain circumstances can cause sporadic cases of the disease or breakouts of enterovirus infection (EVI) that have different clinical manifestations. Molecular-biological approach allowed to identify 32 enterovirus types that were circulating in the constituent entities of the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts during year 2017. The most prevalent viruses that caused highest incidence were Coxsackie A-10, Coxsackie A-6 and Coxsackie A-9. The conducted evolutionary analysis allowed to identify 2 lineages of Coxsackie A-10 and 3 groups of Coxsackie A-6 that were presented as genotype D. Etiological origin of EVI breakouts in children organized communities in Irkutsk region and Krasnoyarsk region in 2017 were Coxsackie A-6, Coxsackie A-9 and ECHO-18. The obtained results of the phylogenetic research allowed us to suspect that these viruses were introduced on the territories of the Russian Federal Districts from the Southeast Asian nations. Absent levels of immunity against current viral serotypes among population of the Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk regions lead to breakouts. The obtained data indicate on a necessity of ongoing molecular-epidemiological surveillance over enteroviruses in supervised territories.

A molecular-genetic and serological analysis of 88 plasma samples collected from patients with diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis B living on the territory of the Nanaysky district of the Khabarovsk region was performed. DNA of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in 49 (55.7±5.3%) samples. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 48 nucleotide sequences it was shown that HBV genotype D was prevalent (81.2±5.6%, n=39) and was further divided in three subtypes: D3 (51.3±8.1%, n=20), D2 (46.1±8.1%, n=18) and D1 (2.6±2.6%, n=1). Genotype C was identified in 7 (14.6±5.1%) samples whereas genotype A in 2 (4.2±2.9%) specimens.

The article presents the results of the monitoring of measures carried out to counteract the HIV-infection epidemic in the South of Russia. The prevalence of HIV-infection among the population in the South of Russia has a significant territorial unevenness. It has been shown that the employable young people of reproductive age are most actively involved in the epidemic process of HIV-infection both in the South Federal District and in the North Caucasian Federal District: the share of persons aged 20-44 accounted for 81.7% and 73.3% of the infected patients. The leading factors of the epidemiological risk of infection were unprotected heterosexual contacts with HIV-infected sexual partners and intravenous drug use. Taking into account the regional factor in the conditions of constantly changing epidemiological situation, the most significant factors limiting the availability of medical care, making it difficult to timely identify and treat the patients, preventing the reduction of the HIVinfection epidemic process activity, were analyzed.

HIV prevalence rate is still high in the Russian Federation. HIV-infection in the Khabarovsk region as well as in the Far Eastern Federal district is one of the current issues of the public healthcare. HIVinfection has exceeded the bounds of vulnerable groups and is spreading among general population. Should be noted that over 50% of incident cases were a result of sexual transmission. HIVawareness campaigns should be one of the main directions of HIV-prevention thus evaluation of awareness levels concerning the current issue including transmission route, prevention tactics and levels of stigmatization of people living with HIV as well as readiness (motivation) to regular checkups in different population groups should be performed forehand.

Current article presents results of the study designed to evaluate the infection rate of congested ticks with different tick-borne diseases. Dynamics of infectious agents detection during the ticks seasonal activity in the territory of the Khabarovsk region in 2017-2018 was analyzed. The presence of combined natural foci of the most significant and epidemically relevant infections in the Khabarovsk region was determined. The issue of combined infestation of different species of Ixodic ticks is of high interest and demands further investigation.

The research paper presents isolated issues on probiotic drugs mechanism of action including medications containing lactobacilli as well as potential challenges concerning decline in efficiency of these drugs. It was specified that among all used probiotic lactobacilli in the current study Lactobacillus 317/402 strain showed the highest antagonistic activity towards opportunistic bacteria. Should be noted that in order to select a lactobacilli containing prebiotic drug it is recommended to specify the antagonistic activity of the probiotic strain against opportunistic bacteria of the current patient.

Characterized by the composition of the intestinal microbiota in adults with functional dyspepsia. Coprological material from 572 patients aged 22 to 74 years was studied. To identify the share of different species of microorganisms in the structure of biocenosis calculated coefficient of species constancy (C). It is shown that in functional dyspepsia there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of intestinal microbiocenosis. In more than 70% of the surveyed recorded a decrease in the concentration of the main component of indigenous flora – bifidobacteria. The composition of the additional microflora in 25.8% of the reduced proteolytic properties of coli, 48.1% – representatives of the transient gram-negative conditionally pathogenic microflora. The excess of the number of atypical Escherichia, UPM, against the background of a decrease in bifidobacteria and normal Escherichia coli in the adult population corresponds to the decompensated stage of intestinal microbiota disorders, has a range of clinical symptoms and requires correction with probiotic drugs.

The research included identification of microflora of mothers’ breast milk and children feces. A total number of 527 family foci of staphylococci infection including 463 pairs of breastfeeding mother + child suffering from atopic dermatitis were analyzed. The study showed that S. aureus and S. epidermidis were predominant among the opportunistic microorganisms isolated from breastfeeding mother + child suffering from atopic dermatitis system. The most frequent bacteria isolated from children fecal samples were staphylococci (86.4%) including S. aureus (45%). Breast milk samples were sterile only in 2.0 - 13.7% if S. aureus was detected in children feces. Similarities in Staphylococci strains isolated from mothers’ breast milk and children feces were identified using mass spectrometry-based assay and drug-resistance profile analysis. It is most likely that mother was the source of staphylococci. The infection in turn can trigger atopic dermatitis in children.

The methods of sanitary-parasitological research that exist today do not provide a sufficient degree of detection of helminth eggs in environmental objects. It is necessary to improve them, modify, invent new approaches. In this regard, an analysis of three methods of sanitary-parasitological studies was conducted to determine the most effective for identifying helminth eggs.

The research presents results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) efficiency evaluation in diagnosis of parasitological invasions that are current for the south part of the Russian Federation (lambliosis, opisthorchosis, toxocarosis, echinococcosis, dirofilariasis). A retrospective analysis of 1856 medical records of patients treated in the clinic of infectious and parasitological diseases of the FBIS “Rostov scientific research institute of microbiology and parasitology” of the Rospotrebnadzor with implementation of evidence-based medicine methods was conducted. Research included evaluation of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of most popular testing kits for detection of specific immunoglobulins to parasites. Implementation of ELIZA technique for diagnosis of larva helminthiasis was justified.

The Khabarovsk region and Jewish Autonomous District are regions with natural foci of metagonimosis – an endemic for the Amur River basin zoonotic intestinal distomiasis. Peculiarities of dietary habits of natives include consumption of raw fish. Combination of the identified two factors create preconditions for increased incidence rates and spread of helminthiasis among Amur River basin population. The results of current research reveal high invasion rates with Metagonimus metacercaria of certain commercial fish species that make up a considerable proportion of native people food intake.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) incidence is one of the most pressing issues in modern healthcare due to their high abundance as well as social and economic loss they cause. Hospitalacquired diseases afflict up to 8% of treated patients, prolong duration of hospital stay, lower treatment efficiency and quality of life, and negatively affect rehabilitation time. The current research presents a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the hospital-acquired diseases incidence in the medical-prophylactic organizations of the Irkutsk region during a 12-year period of time starting from year 2006. It was shown that HAI long-term annual average in the region was equal 41.94±2,04⁰ /₀₀₀₀₀ with a tendency to stabilization during the last years. Just as in the Russian Federation, in general, surgical medical-prophylactic organizations carry highest epidemiological significance. During the studied period of time percent of postoperative complications has declined by 1.5 times. However, an accession rate in levels of hospital-acquired pneumonia was registered. Should be noted that hospital-acquired pneumonia was one of the most prevalent diseases during the last two years in the structure of HAI.

A total number of 68 pregnant women suffering from chronic tonsillitis was examined. S. aureus was found in 79.4% of amygdala and 64.7% of colonic medium samples of the observed women. A major percent (65.4%) of S. aureus isolates from amygdala grew only on enrichment medium and 72.8% of them were classified as MRSA strains. Current finding suggests a necessity of bacteriological examination of pregnant women on all gestational ages. An optimization of epidemiological surveillance in obstetric institutions is necessary.

A total number of 35 people from the enterovirus infection outbreak were under surveillance including 15 children hospitalized in the Central municipal hospital named after N.A. Semashko of the Rostov-on-Don city and 15 children treated in the outpatient clinic № 5 as well as 5 exposed people – employees of the day-care center “Teremok”. The laboratory analyzed 53 biological samples collected from oral pharynx and nasal pharynx. The material was collected and delivered in the laboratory within 2-3 hours after the sample collection. Detection and identification of the microorganisms was conducted by means of differential-diagnostic medium and incubation with carbon dioxide. The reaction of latex-agglutination (Pastorex meningitides BIO-RAD) and mass-spectrometry analysis using Bruker Daltonik MALDI Biotyper were performed. Susceptibility to antibiotic drugs was identified with the aid of disc-diffusion method. S. pneumoniae was identified in majority (80%) of hospitalized children diagnosed with enterovirus infection. Those children that were treated in an outpatient clinic S. pneumoniae was diagnosed in lesser extent (47,6%). Similarities of isolated S. pneumoniae strains according to the antibiogram profile and mass-spectrometry profile matches evidence for a single source of origin.

HIV-infection spread is a current issue in the Russian Federation as well as in the Khabarovsk region. HIV/AIDS epidemic is still unstable: on the bright side ART treatment coverage rates rise and morbidity rates decline; however, the number of HIV-positive people is still high. Should be noted, that medical-sanitary education of youth should be pursued accurately regardless of the low percent of adolescents in the overall structure of new cases of HIV-infection. Specialists of the Far Eastern regional center on prevention and combat against AIDS of the FBIS “Khabarovsk research institute of epidemiology and microbiology” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in cooperation with public interest organizations use every available opportunity to implement and conduct state-of-the-art medical-sanitary education and awareness campaigns among youth.