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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">infectpataog</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный журнал инфекционной патологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Far Eastern Journal of Infectious Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-2899</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФБУН Хабаровский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии Роспотребнадзора</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62963/2073-2899-2025-51-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">infectpataog-557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES. HIV INFECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДАННЫЕ ТЕКУЩЕГО МОНИТОРИНГА РАЗВИТИЯ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ ВИЧ-1 У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ С ВИЧИНФЕКЦИЕЙ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CURRENT MONITORING DATA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIV-1 RESISTANCE IN RESIDENTS WITH HIV INFECTION IN THE TOMSK REGION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипова Ирина Павловна – младший научный сотрудник отдела ретровирусов,</p><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osipova_ip@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крикливая</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kriklivaya</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашникова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashnikova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готфрид</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gotfrid</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шейман</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheiman</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотменин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totmenin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминский</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminsky</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашникова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashnikova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОГБУЗ «Томский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и другими и инфекционными заболеваниями»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>51</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипова И.П., Крикливая Н.П., Гашникова М.П., Готфрид Л.Г., Архипов А.М., Шейман Т.Н., Тотменин А.В., Каминский О.О., Гашникова Н.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипова И.П., Крикливая Н.П., Гашникова М.П., Готфрид Л.Г., Архипов А.М., Шейман Т.Н., Тотменин А.В., Каминский О.О., Гашникова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osipova I.P., Kriklivaya N.P., Gashnikova M.P., Gotfrid L.G., Arkhipov A.M., Sheiman T.N., Totmenin A.V., Kaminsky O.O., Gashnikova N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://infectpataog.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/557">https://infectpataog.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/557</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены результаты молекулярно-эпидемиологического мониторинга за ВИЧ-1 в Томской области. Целью исследования был анализ развития и распространения ВИЧ-1, резистентных к препаратам антиретровирусной терапии. Показано, что на территории Томской области продолжает доминировать генетический вариант ВИЧ-1 CRF63_02A6, выявленный в 75% образцов, субтип А6 выявляется примерно в 15% и в 10% случаев – возникающие уникальные рекомбинантные формы вируса. Передача первично резистентных ВИЧ происходит в 9,5% случаев, в 50% регистрируется ВИЧ-1 с мутацией K103N, вызывающей высокие уровни резистентности к невирапину и эфавиренцу. При неэффективности АРТ в 78% случаев развивается резистентность ВИЧ-1 среднего и высокого уровня, в 53% случаев выделены ВИЧ-1, резистентные к НИОТ и ННИОТ. Лидирует по частоте выявления среди НИОТ мутация M184V/I (65,6%), ответственная за резистентность высокого уровня к ламивудину и эмтрицитабину. Встречаемость других мутаций ВИЧ к НИОТ не превышает 10%. Среди мутаций ВИЧ к ННИОТ K103N найдена в 28% случаев, чаще выявляется мутация V106I (29,3%), являющаяся основной мутацией резистентности вируса к элсульфавирину (ESV). Присутствуют и другие замены, связанные со снижением чувствительности вируса к ESV – это мутации в кодонах E138K (16,0%), Y181C (13,3%), A98G (10,7%), Y188L/Н (6,6%), L100I (2,7%), M230L (2,7%) и F227L (1,3%). У 10 из 77 (13,0%) пациентов с вирусологической неэффективностью АРТ выделены ВИЧ-1 со сниженной чувствительностью к ИИ. В 18,2% случаев ЛЖВ с неэффективной АРТ имели вирусную нагрузку от 200 тыс. до 2 млн копий РНК/мл, выделенные у них вирусы обладали высоким и средним уровнями резистентности к 2-4 классам препаратов АРТ одновременно. Полученные результаты указывают на актуальность расширения доступа ЛЖВ к анализу резистентности ВИЧ и важность усиления мониторинга эффективности проводимой АРТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of a molecular epidemiological study on HIV-1 infection in the Tomsk region. The goal of the study was to investigate development and spread of resistant strains of HIV-1 to antiretroviral drugs. It has been found that the genetic variant CRF63_02A6 of HIV-1 continues to dominate, accounting for 75% of all samples. Subtype A6 is present in about 15%, and unique recombinant forms occur in 10%. Transmission of primary resistant strains occurs in 9.5%, and HIV1 carrying the K103N mutation, which causes high resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz, is registered in half of these cases. When antiretroviral treatment is ineffective, resistant strains develop in 78%, and resistance to both nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs) is observed in 53%. The M184V/I mutation, responsible for resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine, is the most common among NRTI mutations, accounting for 65.6% of cases. Incidence of other HIV mutations that are resistant to NIOTs does not exceed 10%. Among mutations to NNRTIs, the K103N mutation was found in 28% of cases, and the V106I mutation, which is the main resistance mutation to elsulfavirine (ESV), was detected more often. There are also other substitutions associated with a decrease in sensitivity to ESV, including mutations in codons E138, Y181, A98, Y188, L100, M230, and F227. HIV-1 with reduced sensitivity to AI was isolated from 13% of patients with virological failure of ART. It is important to note that some patients showed significant resistance to bictegravir and dolutegravir, which is a negative prognostic factor. In 18% of cases, HIV-1 was resistant to 2-4 classes of ART medications, and these viruses were isolated from patients with viral loads ranging from 200,000 to 2 million RNA copies/ml. The obtained results emphasize the need to expand access to HIV resistance testing for people living with HIV and importance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiency surveillance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>мутации резистентности ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>Томская область</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>HIV resistance mutations</kwd><kwd>HIV-1 drug resistance</kwd><kwd>Tomsk Region</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириченко А. А. и др. Лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ-1 у пациентов с вирусологической неэффективностью АРТ в России (2013-2021 гг.) //Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 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